Mali

This Page was last updated on the 24th. October, 2005.

 

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Country

Mali

Official Name

Republic of Mali
Former Name French Sudan and Sudanese Republic, Mali Federation, Mali (roots in ancient Ghana, Malinké, and Songhai Empires which declined by the 15th century; Moroccan invasion in 1591; French military arrived in the Soudan (the French name for the area) began around 1880; the French occupied the interior 1890; French civilian governor of Soudan appointed in 1893; resistance to French did not end until 1898; as French Soudan, Mali administered within the Federation of French West Africa; the ‘Republique Soudanaise’ became a member of the French Community in 1958; Soudan and Senegal form the Mali Federation in January 1959; became fully independent within the French Community on June 20, 1960; federation collapsed, when Senegal seceded, on August 20, 1960; Soudan proclaimed itself the Republic of Mali and withdrew from the French Community on September 22; bloodless coup on November 19, 1968.)

Capital

Bamako

Main Towns

Bamako (pop. 1 million), Gao (pop. 65,000), Kayes (pop. 65,000), Mopti (pop. 90,000), Segou (pop. 200,000), Sikasso (pop. 120,000), Timbuktu (pop. 38,000)

Subdivisions

8 regions: Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou.

Independence

22 September 1960 (from France)
Constitution Approved by referendum January 12, 1992.
National Holiday Independence Day, 22 September (1960)

UN Membership

28 September 1960

OAU Membership

25 May 1963 – now African Union (AU)

Commonwealth

n/a

Other Organisations

In alphabetical order according to abbreviation/acronym: Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT), Africa-Caribbean-Pacific-European Union (ACP-EU), African Development Bank (AfDB or AFDB), Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Franc Zone (FZ), Group of 77 at the United Nations (G-77), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), International Criminal Court (ICCt - signatory), International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM), International Development Association (IDA), Islamic Development Bank (IDB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS), International Labour Organisation (ILO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), International Olympic Committee (IOC), International Organisation for Migration (IOM), International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO - subscriber), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), UN Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH), United Nations Organisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), Non Aligned Movement (NAM), Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC), Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), West African Development Bank (WADB), West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), World Customs Organization (WCO, former Customs Cooperation Council [CCC]), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), World Health Organisation (WHO), World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), World Tourism Organisation (WToO), World Trade Organisation (WTrO).

Population

Of Mali's population 10% is nomadic and 20% urban.
World Bank Figures: 10,583,650 (1999), 10,840,000 (2000), 11,103,288 (2001), 11,373,719 (2002), 11,651,502 (2003)
Other Sources: 9,375,132 (July 1995), 11,008,518 (July 2001 est.), 11,626,219 (July 2003 est.) 12,291,529 (July 2005 est.)

Area

482,077 sq. mls. (1,248,574 sq. kms.)

Density

7 per sq.km. (1995)

Highest Point

Mt. Hombori 3,789 ft. (1,155 m.)

Lowest Point

Senegal River 72 ft. (22 m.)

Neighbours

Algeria (NE), Burkina Faso (S), Guinea (SW), Ivory Coast (S), Mauritania (W), Niger (SE), Senegal (W)

Life Expectancy

50 years (1995), total population:  47.02 years, male:  45.84 years, female:  48.24 years (2001 est.)
total population: 45.43 years, male: 44.7 years, female: 46.19 years (2003 est.)
total population: 45.09 years male: 44.69 years female: 45.51 years (2005 est.)

Infant Mortality Rate total: 119.2 deaths/1,000 live births, female: 112.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.), male: 125.72 deaths/1,000 live births
total: 116.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 123.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 1.7% (2001 est.) 1.9% (2003 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS: 110,000 (2001 est.) 140,000 (2003 est.)
deaths: 11,000 (2001 est.) 12,000 (2003 est.)

IRIN Plus News - HIV/AIDS Treatment Map: Mali - Updated: Sept 2004
Population: 11.3 million
HIV Prevalence Rate (%) 2003 End: 1.9
No. Of People living with HIV/AIDS: 140,000
No. Of People in need of ART: N/D
No. Of People Currently On ART (Sep 04): N/D
No. Of People on ART Public Sector: Not Defined
No. Of People on ART in Non Govt Programmes: Not Defined
No. Of People Exptd to be on ART (2005 End): N/D
Front Line Drug Regimen: Lamivudine+Stavudine+Efavirenz
HIV/AIDS Treatment Sites: 6
Global Fund 2 Year Approved Funding: US$23,483,234.00
Total Funds Disbursed By The Global Fund: Nil
Total Funds Disbursed By The World Bank Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Programme (MAP): US$25.5 million
Total Funds Disbursed By PEPFAR: Nil
Source: USAID

Adult Literacy Rate

total population:  31%, male:  39.4%, female:  23.1% (1995 est.)
total population: 46.4%, male: 53.5%, female: 39.6% (2003 est.)

Ethnic Groups

Manding (Bambara or Bamana, Malinke) 52%, Fulani 11%, Saracolé 7%, Mianka 4%, Songhai 7%, Tuareg and Maur 5%, other 14%.

Languages

French (official), Bambara 80%

Religions

Muslim 90%, Traditional Religion (Animist) 9%, Christian 1%.

Type of Government

Republic

President

Amadou Toumani Touré (since 8 June 2002 [24/10/2005])

Prime Minister

Ousmane Issoufi Maiga (since 0 April 2004 [24/10/2005])

Political Parties

Alliance for Democracy (ADEMA); Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa (BARA); Democratic and Social Convention (CDS); Hope 2002; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa (MIRIA); National Congress for Democratic Initiative (CNID); Party for Democracy and Progress (PDP); Party for National Renewal (PARENA); Rally for Democracy and Labor (RDT); Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP ); Rally for Mali (RPM); Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally (US/RDA); Union of Democratic Forces for Progress (UFDP); Union for Democracy and Development (UDD)

Ruling Party

---

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA, XOF) Franc (100 centimes)
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)

GDP

US$315 (1992) US$2,431m (1995)
GDP (2003):US $4.79 billion.
purchasing power parity - US$11 billion (2004 est.)
per capita purchasing power parity - US$860 (2002 est.)
per capita purchasing power parity - US$900 (2004 est.)

GNP

US$315 (1992) US$179 (1994) US$2,431m (1995)

Per Capita Income Per capita income: US$250 (2003)
Population Below Poverty Line 64% average, 30% of urban population, 70% of rural population living in rural areas (2001 est.)
Land Use arable land: 3.82% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.15% (2001) Irrigated land: 1,380 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural Resources gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Oil and Natural Gas Oil production: 0 bbl/day (2001 est.) consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) exports: NA (2001) imports: NA (2001)
Military Military branches: Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,441,769 (2003 est.)
males age 18-49: 2,206,728 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: US$419.7 million, 15% of GDP (FY02)
$22.4 million, 0.4% of GDP (2004)
Economic Aid Received US$596.4 million (2001)
Aid per Capita (World Bank): US$33 (1999), US$33 (2000), US$32 (2001), US$41 (2002), US$45 (2003)

Debt

Moderately indebted (HIPC) Has continued implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment programme.
World Bank Figures: US$1,340,000,000 (2000), US$1,407,000,064 (2001), US$1,240,300,032 (2002), US$1,374,000,000 (2003)
Other Sources: US$2.5bn (1995) US$3 bn (1999) US$3.3 billion (2000)

Major Imports

petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
food, machinery and spare parts, vehicles, petroleum products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, textiles (2003)

Imports from

Ivory Coast 19%, France 19%, Senegal 4%, Benelux 3%, Germany, Italy (1999)
Ivory Coast 17.5%, France 13.9%, Germany 4.5%, Senegal 3.8%, Benelux (2001)
US$927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
France, Cote d'Ivoire, Belgium, Luxembourg, U.S. ($31.5 million), Germany, and Japan (2003) US$951 million (2003)
France 15.4%, Senegal 7.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)

Major Exports

cotton, gold, livestock
gold, cotton and cotton products, animals, fish, tannery products, groundnuts, and diamonds (2003)

Exports to

Algeria Belgium Canada France, Italy 18%, Thailand 15%, Germany 7%, Portugal 4% (1999)
Thailand 17.0%, Brazil 12.5%, Italy 6.0%, South Korea 4.1%, Canada (2001)
US$915 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
France, Switzerland, Italy, Thailand, Cote d'Ivoire, and Algeria (2003) US$1.06 billion (2003)
China 32%, India 10.3%, Italy 7.6%, Bangladesh 6.8%, Thailand 5.9%, Germany 5.2%, Taiwan 4% (2004)

We try to have each fact sheet up to date and as accurate as possible.
If you notice any mistakes, or have suggestions on items which could be added, please let us know by emailing to: suttonlink@dial.pipex.com

The White Fathers, Sutton Coldfield, 24 October, 2005

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